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If one considers, then, the various Pauline "paradoxes" that Marxsen formulates, all of which do indeed seem to be addressed to Christians, there would appear to be at least two ways of understanding them. Thus, for example, "If we live by the Spirit, then let us also walk by the Spirit" (Gal 5:25), can mean either an exhortation to those who are Christians, i.e., have been so in the past, also to become what they are by once again both entrusting themselves to God's loyalty and living in loyalty to God in return; or an exhortation to those who have entrusted themselves to God's loyalty also to live in loyalty to God and to all to whom God is loyal.

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