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Consider the following passages:

"If Y knows P p to be true independently of X's enunciating p, then Y has no need of X as an epistemic authority with respect to p. \ [By the same token, i\]f X is to be an epistemic authority for Y in some field, then X's utterances that are believed by Y must be such that Y does not know them to be true on independent grounds" (The Nature and Limits of Authority: 35). "Whenever one's belief is based on evidence that coerces belief or that constitutes it, then the belief is not based on authority" (37). "\[W\]hen a truth is demonstrated, there is no need for authority" (60). July if X is to be an epistemic authority for Y in some field, then X's utterances that are believed by Y must be such that Y does not know them to be true on independent grounds" (The Nature and Limits of Authority: 35)].

"Whenever one's belief is based on evidence that coerces belief or that constitutes it, then the belief is not based on authority" (37).

"[W]hen a truth is demonstrated, there is no need for authority" (60).

July 1996