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To speak of "the ground of faith" is presumably only verbally different from speaking of "the foundation of faith." But, then, "the ground of faith," also, is systematically ambiguous in that it may likewise mean any of the following three things:

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(2) the organic or ministerial ground of faith, i.e., the primary authority authorizing faith, as well as any secondary authority that it in turn authorizes; and

(3) the dogmatic or doctrinal ground of faith, i.e., the twofold assertion (or the two assertions) constitutive of the primary authority explicitly as such, as the original and originating witness immediately authorized by the primal source.

In many of my writings – -- I think especially of "The Apostles' Creed" – -- I have used the term "the ground and object of faith," often qualifying it by distinguishing further between "immediate" and "ultimate" (or "primal") ground and object. But this would seem to raise the question, Is "the object of faith," also, systematically ambiguous, in that it may have any of three closely related, but different, senses? And this question seems all the more pertinent if, as I've long argued, there are no good reasons for scrupling to affirm belief in the holy catholic church when one affirms the creed.

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