By Schubert Ogden
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What does the religious doctrine of creatio ex nihilo a Deo necessarily imply metaphysically?
One thing that this doctrine necessarily implies metaphysicaly metaphysically is that, as Hartshorne puts it, "Contingency with us is negative as well as positive. It includes the null state of nonexistence as a possible case; with deity the null state is excluded as logically impossible. The contingency of the particular positive states, however, remains intact" ("Religious Aspects of Necessity and Contingency": 152).
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